The name “Bharatanatyam” is derived from the combination of four Sanskrit words: “bha,” “ra,” “ta,” and “natyam,” which together mean “expression of dance” or “dance of Bharata,” referring to the ancient Indian sage Bharata Muni, who is credited with compiling the Natya Shastra, a foundational text on Indian performing arts.
Bharatanatyam is deeply rooted in Hindu mythology, religious themes, and philosophical concepts. It typically consists of two main components: “Nritta” (pure dance) and “Nritya” (expressive dance). Nritta involves rhythmic movements and sequences performed to intricate rhythmic patterns (tala), showcasing the dancer’s technical skill and agility. Nritya incorporates elements of storytelling, emotion, and characterization, with dancers portraying various characters from mythology and literature.
Bharatanatyam dancers wear traditional costumes, which typically include vibrant silk sarees adorned with intricate jewelry and accessories. The makeup is elaborate, with emphasis on highlighting facial expressions and features.
Bharatanatyam performances are accompanied by live music, usually featuring classical Carnatic music compositions. The musical ensemble typically includes instruments such as the mridangam (percussion), violin, flute, veena, and vocal accompaniment.
Over the years, Bharatanatyam has evolved and adapted to modern contexts while retaining its classical essence. It is taught in dance schools and academies both in India and around the world, with dancers trained in Bharatanatyam continuing to captivate audiences with their skill, artistry, and devotion to this ancient dance form.